Drum shredder



Oct. 14,` 1969 A. s.v1NoGRADov EVAL 3.472398 DRUM SHREDDER Filed Jan. 27, 1967 4 sheets-Sheet x f f/a/ Oct. 14, 1969 A. s. vlNoGRADOv ETAI- 3,472,298

v DRUM SHREDDER Filed Jan. 27, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 14, 1969 A. s. vlNoGRAnov Erm. 3,472,298

Y DRUM sHnnDnER Filed Jan. 27, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet lOct. 14, 1969 AQ s. vlNoGRAnoy ErAL 3,472,298

DRUM SHREDDER Filed Jan. 27, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet t.

United States Patent O 3,472,298 DRUM SHREDDER Anatoly Sergeevich Vinogradov, Ulitsa Uchinskaya, 1b, kv. 35, and Vladimir Evgenievich Zaushitsyn, Ulitsa Bolshaya Kashenkinskaya 22, kv. 7, both of Moscow, U.S.S.R.; Vasily Denisovich Tkach, Ulitsa Lagernaya 40, kv. 10; Alexandr Alexandrovich Omelchenko, Ulitsa Turgenevskaya 74, kv. 7; Ruvim Davydovich Pogrebitsky, Ulitsa Mashinostroitelnaya 36, kv. 62; Vladimir Falkovich Minovsky, Ulitsa Saksaganskogo 55, kv. 18; Nikolai Petrovich Kiselev, Ulitsa Grekova 12, kv. 19; and Ivan Vasilievich Ivanov, Ulitsa Borschagovskaya 222, kv. 2, all of Kiev, U.S.S.R.; Vladimir Grigorievich Malomuzh, Ulitsa Krasnoilotskaya 76, Belaya Tserkov Kievskoi oblasti, U.S.S.R.; and Evgeny Ivanovich Khrapach, Sovkhoz Ukrainkaf ulitsa Olkhovskaya 1, Kharkov, U.S.S.R.

Filed Jan. 27, 1967, Ser. No. 612,250 Int. Cl. B02c 13/09, 11/04 U.S. Cl. 146-96 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A drum shredder for loading organic pulp, preferably silage, comprises knives fashioned as L-shaped plates rigidly fixed on a rotary drum, the cutting edges of the knives being inclined at an obtuse angle with regard to the direction of movement of the knives to provide cutting of a portion of the pulp mass, there being blades installed on the drum behind the knives to throw aside a layer of the mass being cut by said knives.

The present invention relates to drum Shredders employed for loading organic pulp, preferably silage.

Known in the art are drum Shredders for loading silage, the latter being simultaneously shredded by knives disposed on a rotary drum.

The knives of said drum Shredders are fashioned either as a triangular segment which is rigidly fixed or as springy teeth, or as a blade with saw-like teeth which are disposed on the drum surface in a spiral arrangement.

However, the knives in the known designs of the drum Shredders do not insure qualitative cutting of silage from the total mass and cannot be used for cutting the unshredded straw as they effect cutting without sliding.

Additionally, the currently employed designs of the drum Shredders do not provide complete and effective discharge of silage portions from the whole mass and cut by the knives.

The drum Shredders fashioned as two cylinders mounted on a common shaft with the drive between them do not effect the cutting of silage in the space between the cylinders when the layer thereof is cut from the total mass, which causes an uncut pile of silage, by which the drum shredder is usually seized.

The above-mentioned disadvantages of the known drum Shredders give rise to a substantial drop of efficiency thereof and to an increased consumption of power.

An object of the present invention is to provide a drum shredder with a continuous milling capacity.

Another object of the invention is to provide a construction for the knives which insures the cutting of a layer from the whole mass of silage and straw as well, obviating the need for preshredding thereof.

Still another object of the invention is to insure the discharge of the mass layer cut by the knives.

In accordance with the above and other objects, the invention consists in that the knives are constituted as L-shaped plates rigidly fixed to the drum, the cutting edge ofthe knife being inclined with regard to the direction of its movement at an obtuse angle a, whereas the blades ide for discharging the layer cut by the knives are disposed on the drum behind the knives.

It is preferable that the blades installed behind the knives be L-shaped with the bent part thereof inclined in the same direction as that of the knives.

It is desirable to fasten the blades to the flanges on the drum together with the knives from the inside thereof.

It is also desirable to fasten the knives and blades on two continuous cylinders mounted on a common shaft, the drive means for said cylinders being accommodated between cylinders, and to dispose an auxiliary rotary knife for cutting the mass between the cylinders on the body of said drive means.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be more apparent upon consideration of the following description of an exemplary embodiment thereof given with reference to the appended drawing, wherein:

FIG. l is a perspective view of the 'drum shredder according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the drive of the drum shredder cylinders and of the auxiliary knife for cutting the mass between the cylinders;

iFIG. 3 is a side view which illustrates the fastening of the knife and the blade on the drum shredder according to the invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the arrangement of FIG. 3; and

FIG. 5 shows the drum shredder in operation suspended from the boom of a silo loader.

In describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrated in the drawing specic terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. However it is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected and it is to be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.

The drum shredder, according to the invention, is fashioned as two continuous cylinders 1 and 2 (FIG. 1) mounted on a common shaft 3 (FIG. 2), between which a drive reducer 4 is mounted on a boom 5 of the loader. This constructional embodiment of the drum shredder has a specific effect. The outer surfaces of the cylinders 1 and 2 are fitted with L-shaped knives 6 (FIG. l) disposed in a spiral arrangement on said surfaces and with blades 7, also L-shaped to throw aside the silage layers cut by the knives 6.

The knives 6 (FIGS. l, 3, 4) are rigidly fixed to flanges 8 by bolts 9. Each knife 6 is fashioned as a plate whose lower part 10 is flat, whereas the upper part 11 is bent towards the middle part of the drum shredder. The cutting edge 12 of the knife 6 is inclined with respect to the direction of movement thereof at an obtuse angle a to insure the cutting of the mass merely by travel of the knives therethrough. The bent upper part 11 of the knife 6 has an edge 13 which insures the multiple sharpening of the cutting edge 12 without change in the width of cutting of the mass by the bent upper part 11 of the knife 6.

Disposed on the outer surfaces of the cylinders 1 and 2 are further knives 14 and 15, whose bent upper parts are directed outwards to cut the layer of silage or straw mass at the outer sides of the cylinders 1 and 2.

The blades 7 are rigidly fixed to the flanges 8 by the same bolts 9 on the cylinders 1 and 2 together with the knives 6 on the inside thereof (FIGS. 3 and 4).

Each blade 7 is fashioned as a longitudinal plate with a bent free end 16 extending in the same direction as the bent upper parts 11 of the knives 6. 'lfhe bent free end 16 of the blade 7 is disposed behind the knife 6.

The knives 14 and 15, installed on the outer surfaces of the cylinders 1 and 2 are not followed by blades 7.

The knives 14 and 15 may be omitted. In this case it is necessary to install the knives 6 as close as possible to the edges of the outer sides of the cylinders 1 and 2.

The blades 7 can also be fixed directly to the surface of the cyliiders 1 and 2, e.g. by welding, and the knives 6 can be fastened to the blades 7 by bolts 9. This method of fastening the knives 6 and blades 7 on the surface of the cylinders 1 and 2 presents no diticulty in its technical embodiment and is not shown in the drawing.

A primary shaft 17 (FIG. 2) of the reducer 4 of the drum shredder drive is coupled with a driving shaft 18 which in driven in rotation from a power take-ofic shaft 19 (FIG. 5) of a tractor 20 via a gear train.

Disposed on the primary shaft 17 (FIG. 2) of the reducer is a driving gear 21 interacting with a driving gear 22 installed on the common shaft 3 of the drum shredder.

A `gear 23 interacts with the driven gear 22, the former being mounted on an additional cantilever-mounted shaft 24, on whose outer end an auxiliary rotary knife 25 is disposed to cut the mass of silage or straw located in the space between the cylinders 2 and 1.

Boom is hingedly fastened on the frame 26 (FIG. 5) of the loader and is hoisted together with the drum shredder suspended thereon by means of a hydraulic power cylinder 27. The boom 5 with the drum shredder is lowered under the effect of its own weight.

Fastened on the frame 26 of the loader are a receiving chamber 28 with a screw pickup 29 and a thrower 30 with a charging pipe 31.

Fixed on the `boom 5 above the drum shredder is a double-bent casing 32 for preventing the cut portions of silage or straw from scattering and for directing said cut portions to the receiving chamber 28 of the loader.

The cutting of the silage mass by the knives 6 of the dmm shredder and the removal of the cut part of the silage from the total mass with the aid of the blades 7 are effected in the following manner.

As the boom 5 lowers on a silage pile (or straw stack) with the drum shredder quickly rotating the knives 6 penetrate the silo or straw mass to cut a layer of the latter with cutting edge 12.

The part of the silage or straw stripped by the knives 6 is caught by the `blades 7 and discharged from under the drum shredder at a great speed to the rear part of the double-bent casing 32 which directs the silage or straw to the receiving chamber 28 of the loader. From the receiving chamber 29 silage is fed by the screw pickup 29 to the thrower 30 which delivers the silage to the charging pipe 31 which discharges the silage to transport facilities.

The part of silage or straw located between the cylinders 1 and 2 is cut by auxiliary rotary knife 25.

The advantages of the drum shredder, according to the invention, are that it insures the loading and shredding of both silage and straw, which may be preshredded or not, and increases the efficiency of the loaders handling silage 'by 40 percent on the average while the power consumption is decreased.

The drum shredder can also be employde with machines for loading peat, dung and like materials.

We claim:

1. A drum shredder comprising a turnable boom, two interconnected rotary cylinders mounted on opposite sides of said turnable boom; drive means for imparting rotation to said cylinders; a plurality of knives secured on said cylinders and constituted as plates having lower flat portions disposed perpendicularly with respect to the drum axis and upper portions bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the drum towards said boom; said knives having a cutting edge disposed on the lower and upper portions thereof and directed at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of the knife movement in the course of the drum rotation, thus providing for cutting of the mass and simultaneous separation of portions thereof from the mass; throwing blades mounted behind each knife on said cylinders for discharging cut portions of the mass from under the drum; and a casing secured on said boom for guiding the cut portions of the mass being discharged by said blades from under the drum.

2- A drum shredder as claimed in claim 1 comprising an auxiliary knife mounted between said cylinders.

3. A drum shredder as claimed in claim 1 wherein said drive means comprises a common drive by means of which said cylinders are interconnected and a drive mechanism disposed between the cylinders for imparting rotation to said cylinders through the intermediary of said common drive.

4. A drum shredder as claimed in claim 3 wherein said drive mechanism comprises a reducing gear coupled to said common drive, said reducing gear being mounted between said cylinders and including a cantilevered shaft, said shredder further comprising an auxiliary knife mounted on said cantilevered shaft at the free end thereof for cutting material disposed Vbetween said cylinders.

5. A drum shredder as claimed in claim 1 wherein said throwing blades are mounted on said cylinders on the sides of the knives facing said boom.

6. A drum shredder as claimed in claim 5 wherein said throwing blades are constituted as plates having a free end portion bent in the same direction as the upper portions of said knives.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,634,962 4/1953 Eglitis 299-89 X 2,908,337 10/1959 Surprise et al. 146-121 X 3,044,753 7/ 1962 Wilcox 299-76 X 3,078,892 2/ 1963 Shoemaker 146-123 3,103,241 9/1963 Weigel 146-123 X 3,153,435 -10/1964 Ober 146-123 W. GRAYDON ABERCROMBIE, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 

